Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Tier 2 · needs Kp 5 · Bortle 7. Live answer for Edinburgh tonight.
Crunching NOAA Kp, cloud cover, moon phase and darkness for Inverness…
connecting to NOAA SWPC + Open-Meteo…
Aurora sightings over Inverness are storm events. The city sits well south of the auroral oval, so a display means the geomagnetic field is doing something unusual — and the Kp number required is correspondingly high.
Inverness needs Kp 5 and is the smallest of the Scottish cities in our data, which matters more than it sounds: a smaller light dome means the northern horizon is usable from much closer to town. It also sits at the head of the Moray Firth, which opens north-east toward the sea and gives the aurora a dark, level backdrop.
The dates worth planning around at Inverness are **16 Aug** to **26 Apr**. Inside that run the sun clears 18° below the horizon on 254 nights and the sky is dark enough for a faint arc to register; outside it you are relying on twilight and luck. The counter-season is just as clearly defined: from about **27 Apr** to **15 Aug** (111 nights) the sun never gets 18° below the horizon, so the sky never reaches full darkness, and between roughly 19 May and 24 Jul it does not get properly dark at all — no display, however strong, is visible in that stretch.
The nights here do get genuinely dark — the sun bottoms out 56° below the horizon in midwinter. But for roughly 27 Apr to 15 Aug it never gets that low, and the sky stays too bright for anything but the strongest displays. The season is therefore defined by dark nights, not by calendar dates.
The Moray Firth shore and the roads running north out of the city both put you under open sky within minutes; the surrounding hills cut off some of the town light entirely.
The aurora sits over the magnetic pole, so from Inverness you are looking toward magnetic north — which in practice means a spot with an open horizon in that direction and no streetlight in front of you. The "best window" in tonight's answer marks the first hour where cloud cover drops below roughly 40% while the sky is properly dark at this latitude.
Kp is a planetary number, and the only way to read it usefully is against this city's own threshold. For Inverness that threshold is Kp 5, set by a magnetic latitude of 57.5°:
| Kp index | What you'd see from Inverness |
|---|---|
| Kp 0 | No display at this latitude; the activity is confined north of Inverness. Nothing to plan around — save the trip for a stronger forecast. |
| Kp 1 | Not visible here. On these nights a trip north would be the only option. Worth knowing so that a quiet night reads as expected rather than disappointing. |
| Kp 2 | Nothing from Inverness — the oval stays too far north. On those nights the forecast at the top of this page will say NO, and that is the honest answer. |
| Kp 3 | Marginal: expect at most a dull arc low in the north, and only away from town. Check the cloud forecast before committing to the drive. |
| Kp 4 | Possible as a low smudge from a dark-sky site — the city's own light will beat it. Give your eyes 20 minutes to adapt before deciding it is a no. |
| Kp 5 | A real display at this level: arcs forming on the northern horizon with visible structure and motion. Have a dark-sky spot picked out before you set off. |
| Kp 6 | Strong showing — tall rays, obvious colour, and curtains that reach well above the horizon. This is the range where phone cameras start to work. |
| Kp 7 | A big night: the lights are overhead rather than on the horizon, moving quickly and showing strong colour. These are the nights people travel for. |
| Kp 8 | Once-a-cycle territory (G4–G5). Displays of this size have been seen overhead at latitudes like Inverness's. Rare enough that it is worth cancelling other plans for. |
| Kp 9 | Severe storm (G4–G5): the aurora reaches deep into mid-latitudes. From Inverness, look straight up — it can be everywhere. Watch the live forecast through the evening; this level can build quickly. |
Two things have to line up for Inverness: the planetary index has to reach about Kp 5, and the local sky has to be clear. Kp is a three-hour planetary average, so a display can start and fade inside one interval, and short substorm bursts routinely outperform the headline number. When the answer above says MAYBE, that usually means the geomagnetic side is fine and cloud is the question.
Five inputs produce the answer at the top of this page, and every one of them is specific to Inverness: the NOAA Kp forecast against a threshold of Kp 5 (35% of the score), cloud cover through the night at 57.48°, -4.22° (25%), the moon (15%), astronomical darkness at this latitude (15%), and light pollution at Bortle 5 (10%). The method, its data sources and its known limitations are documented on our methodology page. No signup, no app, no account — the page computes everything in your browser from NOAA and Open-Meteo directly. Anonymous analytics and Google's advertising script are the only third parties involved, and both are set out on our privacy page.
Treat Kp 5 as the number to watch in the forecast above. It is derived from Inverness's magnetic latitude of 57.5°, which is what actually governs how far northern the oval has to be pushed before the lights reach you — geographic latitude is a rough proxy for that at best.
On the darkest night of the year the sun reaches 56° below the horizon, and it clears 18° on 254 nights annually. Between roughly 27 Apr and 15 Aug it does not, so the sky never gets fully dark in that stretch.
Five inputs, all recomputed every 15 minutes: the NOAA SWPC Kp forecast (accurate to about 12 hours), cloud cover for Inverness's coordinates from Open-Meteo, moon phase, this latitude's darkness window, and Bortle 5 light pollution. The engine is deliberately willing to say MAYBE or NO rather than overstate — including on the 111 nights a year when the sky here cannot get dark enough to see anything at all.
The window to aim at is roughly 16 Aug to 26 Apr, when the sun drops far enough below the horizon for the sky to go properly dark. Outside it — specifically from about 27 Apr to 15 Aug — full darkness never arrives at this latitude, and the engine says NO rather than guessing. Peak activity within a night is usually 21:00–01:00 local.
The centre is the wrong place on almost every night. At Bortle 5 the light dome swallows anything short of a strong display, and at Kp 5 the aurora arrives as a faint, low arc. Head out of town and the same forecast looks completely different.
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