Yellowknife, Canada
Tier 1 · needs Kp 1 · Bortle 3. Live answer for Yellowknife tonight.
Crunching NOAA Kp, cloud cover, moon phase and darkness for Calgary…
connecting to NOAA SWPC + Open-Meteo…
Aurora sightings over Calgary are storm events. The city sits well south of the auroral oval, so a display means the geomagnetic field is doing something unusual — and the Kp number required is correspondingly high.
Calgary needs Kp 6, but its real advantage is meteorological: the chinook — the warm, dry wind that descends off the Rockies — regularly scours the cloud out of the sky in the middle of winter. That makes clear nights considerably more common here than the latitude alone would suggest, and it makes Kp 6 a more achievable target than it looks.
Astronomical darkness returns to Calgary around **23 Jul** and lasts until about **20 May** — 302 nights on which the sun reaches at least 18° below the horizon. That window is computed from Calgary's own coordinates rather than copied from a regional rule of thumb. The counter-season is just as clearly defined: from about **21 May** to **22 Jul** (63 nights) the sun never gets 18° below the horizon, so the sky never reaches full darkness, though the sky stays dark enough in the early hours that a bright display is still worth looking for.
At Calgary the sun reaches 62.4° below the horizon at its lowest point of the year, which is more than enough for a black sky. The catch is the other end of the calendar: between about 21 May and 22 Jul full astronomical darkness never arrives, so the usable season is narrower than a latitude-based rule of thumb would suggest.
The foothills west and north-west of the city put you above the valley haze; the city's light dome falls away quickly once you climb.
Your viewing direction is fixed by Calgary's position relative to the magnetic pole: look north, low on the horizon at first, and find somewhere that side is open and unlit. The "best window" figure above is simply the first hour tonight where cloud cover falls under roughly 40% while the sky is dark enough here to show anything.
Kp is a planetary number, and the only way to read it usefully is against this city's own threshold. For Calgary that threshold is Kp 6, set by a magnetic latitude of 51°:
| Kp index | What to expect at Calgary |
|---|---|
| Kp 0 | Not visible here. On these nights a trip north would be the only option. Nothing to plan around — save the trip for a stronger forecast. |
| Kp 1 | Nothing from Calgary — the oval stays too far north. Worth knowing so that a quiet night reads as expected rather than disappointing. |
| Kp 2 | Not visible here. On these nights a trip north would be the only option. On those nights the forecast at the top of this page will say NO, and that is the honest answer. |
| Kp 3 | Not visible here. On these nights a trip north would be the only option. Nothing to plan around — save the trip for a stronger forecast. |
| Kp 4 | Marginal: expect at most a dull arc low in the north, and only away from town. A camera will pull more colour out of this than your eyes will. |
| Kp 5 | Possible as a low smudge from a dark-sky site — the city's own light will beat it. Check the cloud forecast before committing to the drive. |
| Kp 6 | A real display at this level: arcs forming on the northern horizon with visible structure and motion. Have a dark-sky spot picked out before you set off. |
| Kp 7 | A good display: brighter arcs, rays climbing higher, curtains beginning to form overhead. Any genuinely open horizon will do at this level. |
| Kp 8 | Storm-level display — vivid colour, fast movement, and the aurora high overhead. Get out early: big displays often peak within an hour of the substorm. |
| Kp 9 | Severe storm (G4–G5): the aurora reaches deep into mid-latitudes. From Calgary, look straight up — it can be everywhere. Rare enough that it is worth cancelling other plans for. |
At Bortle class 7, Calgary's own light is the biggest single obstacle between the forecast and what you actually see. A Kp 6 night that shows beautifully from open country shows as nothing from a lit street. When the verdict above is GO or MAYBE, budget the drive out of town into the evening.
The score above is built from five weighted factors, each using Calgary's own figures rather than a regional default: Kp against a local threshold of 6 (35%), cloud cover averaged across the dark hours at 51.05°, -114.07° (25%), moon illumination (15%), this latitude's astronomical darkness window (15%) and Bortle 7 light pollution (10%). The method, its data sources and its known limitations are documented on our methodology page. No signup, no app, no account — the page computes everything in your browser from NOAA and Open-Meteo directly. Anonymous analytics and Google's advertising script are the only third parties involved, and both are set out on our privacy page.
For Calgary the practical figure is Kp 6. Because it comes from magnetic latitude (51°), it does not vary with the season or the solar cycle — and it is the exact number the answer at the top of this page is checked against. Anything below it and the oval stays too far northern.
Dark enough for a genuinely black sky on 302 nights a year, with the sun sitting 62.4° below the horizon at its deepest. The exception is roughly 21 May to 22 Jul, when it never gets 18° below and full darkness never arrives.
Rarely. Bortle 7 is a bright sky, and the aurora at Kp 6 arrives as a low, faint arc that this much light pollution erases. The practical rule at Calgary is that the forecast tells you whether it is worth driving out, not whether you can see it from your window.
Plan around roughly 23 Jul to 20 May. Those dates are computed for Calgary's own coordinates — 302 nights on which the sun reaches 18° below the horizon. From about 21 May to 22 Jul, by contrast, the sky never goes properly black here, and no storm is strong enough to change that.
Four of the five inputs are measured, not modelled: NOAA's Kp forecast (good to roughly 12 hours), Open-Meteo cloud for Calgary's exact coordinates, moon illumination, and the darkness window computed for this latitude. The fifth is Bortle 7 light pollution. Where the forecast is genuinely uncertain — substorm timing at minute scale — the page shows MAYBE rather than a false GO.
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